在全球用玄武岩处理二氧化碳排放

本文摘要：BBC News –Scientists think they have found a smart way to constrain carbon dioxide emissions - just turn them to stone. The researchers report an experiment in Iceland where they have pumped CO2 and water underground into volcanic rock. Re

BBC News –Scientists think they have found a smart way to constrain carbon dioxide emissions - just turn them to stone. The researchers report an experiment in Iceland where they have pumped CO2 and water underground into volcanic rock. Reactions with the minerals in the deep basalts convert the carbon dioxide to a stable, immobile chalky solid.BBC新闻 – 科学家指出，他们找到了一种遏止二氧化碳废气的聪慧方法 – 把它们变为石头。研究人员报告了在冰岛做到的一次实验，他们把二氧化碳和地下水泵入火山岩。与地下深处玄武岩中的矿物质再次发生的反应，把二氧化碳转化成了平稳一动的白垩状液体。

Even more encouraging, the team writes in Science magazine, is the speed at which this process occurs: on the order of months. Of our 220 tonnes of injected CO2, 95% was converted to limestone in less than two years, said lead author Juerg Matter from Southampton University, UK.该团队在《科学》杂志公开发表报告说道，更加鼓舞人心的是这个过程再次发生的速度：约几个月。“我们流经的220吨二氧化碳中，95%将近两年就转化成了石灰岩。”报告的主要作者，来自英国南安普顿大学的马特说道。

With carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere marching ever upwards and warming the planet, researchers are keen to investigate so called carbon capture and storage (CCS) solutions.随着大气中的二氧化碳浓度持续上升，令其地球加剧，研究人员热衷探究所谓的“碳捕猎与报废”（CCS）解决方案。Previous experiments have seen pure CO2 injected into sandstone, or deep, salty aquifers. Chosen sites - which have included disused oil and gas wells - have relied on layers of impermeable capping rocks to hold down the carbon dioxide. But the fear is always that the CO2 could find a way to leak back out into the atmosphere.此前的实验是把显二氧化碳流经砂岩，或深部咸水层。

荒废的油井和气井等中选场地依赖不透水的盖层岩石地层传输二氧化碳。但仍然令人担心的是，二氧化碳有可能夺路而出有，回漏到大气中。Working with a geothermal power plant, the Carbfix project on Iceland combined the waste CO2 with water to make a slightly acidic liquid that was then sent hundreds of metres down into the volcanic basalts that make up so much of the North Atlantic island.在冰岛展开的这个固碳项目与一座地热电站合作，把二氧化碳废气与水融合，做成弱酸性液体，然后输送到地下几百米的火山玄武岩 - 这些岩石在这座北大西洋岛国是如此非常丰富。The low pH water (3.2) worked to dissolve the calcium and magnesium ions in the basalts, which then reacted with the carbon dioxide to make calcium and magnesium carbonates. Cores drilled into the experimental site pulled up rock with the tell-tale white carbonates occupying the pore spaces.PH值3.2的酸性水分解成玄武岩中的钙镁离子，然后与二氧化碳再次发生反应，产生碳酸钙和碳酸镁。

从实验地点钻井岩心放入岩石，显著可见白色的碳酸盐占有了孔隙空间。The researchers also tagged the CO2 with carbon-14, a radioactive form of the element. In this way, they were able to tell if any of the injected CO2 was leaking back to the surface or finding its way out through a distant watercourse. No such escape was detected.研究人员还用碳元素的放射性形式碳14标记二氧化碳。用这种方法，他们需要推断流经的二氧化碳否回漏到表层，或通过长距离水道寻找了决心。但未观测到这种逃离现场。

This means that we can pump down large amounts of CO2 and store it in a very safe way over a very short period of time, said study co-author Martin Stute from Columbia Universitys Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, US.“这意味著我们可在十分较短的时间内把大量二氧化碳泵入地下，用十分安全性的方式报废它。”研究报告的联合作者，来自美国哥伦比亚大学拉蒙.多哈托地球观测站的司徒特说。

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